Multiple Sclerosis and the Myelin Sheath

Myelin

Axons which are covered by a myelin sheath, a multilayer of proteins and lipids, are said to be myelinated. 

Myelin Sheath Function

The myelin sheath acts as electrical insulation around axons, preventing signal loss and ensuring efficient transmission of nerve impulses.

• Fatty, insulating layer which covers a neuron and speeds up electrical signals. Forms the white matter in the CNS

1. Axon
2. Dendrite
3. Myelin
4. Synapse

Astrocytes -support neurons in the central nervous system are by maintaining the concentration of chemicals in the extracellular space, removing excess signaling molecules, reacting to tissue damage, and contributing to the blood-brain barrier (BBB).