CNS quizz

 brain and spinal cord

what is the CNS made of?

1. Communication and coordination
2. intellect and reasoning

What are two functions of the CNS?

1. it receives the message from stimuli all over the body
2. the brain interprets the message--it responds to the message--and carries out that activity

the communication and coordination system does what?

nerve cell

its specially constructed to carry out its function--transmitting a message from one cell to another

neuron

what is another name for nerve cell?

1. cell body
2. dendrites
3. axon

what 3 things is the nerve cell made up of?

cell body

processes information

dendrites

these carry out impulses toward the cell body-- there can be several dendrites

axon

this carries messages away from the cell body--there can only by one axon

myelin sheath

this is a special covering on the axon that speeds up nerve impulses

neuroglia and neurons

what are the two major types of nerve cells?

neuroglia

type of cells that insulate, support, and protect the neurons; often referred to as "nerve glue"

neurons

they all are able to react when stimulated and are able to pass the nerve impulses generated on to other neurons.

irritability and conductivity

what are the two characteristics of neurons?

irritability

ability to react when stimulated

conductivity

ability to transmit a disturbance to distinct points

sensory, motor, and interneurons

what are the 3 types of neurons?

sensory

they emerge from skin or sense organs--carry the message toward the spinal cord and brain

motor

carry messages from the CNS to muscles and glands

interneurons

carry impulses from sensory to motor neurons

synapse

space between two nerve cells

synaptic cleft

when messages go from one cell to the next, the message never actually touch, the space between them is called the _____

neurotransmitters

special chemicals at the end of each axon

CNS, PNS, ANS

what are the 3 divisions of the nervous system?

peripheral nervous system/ PNS

consists of nerves of the body; 12 pairs of cranial nerves--extend from the brain; 31 pairs of spinal nerves--extend out from the spinal cord.

autonomic nervous system/ ANS

includes peripheral nerves and ganglia (a group of cells outside the CNS that carry impulses to involuntary muscles and glands

3 pounds

about how much does the human brain weigh?

100 billion neurons

how many neurons are found in the brain?

1. a bony cranial cavity (Skull)
2. 3 membranous coverings called meninges
3. cerebrospinal fluid

what is the brain protected by? (3)

The outer cortex/cerebral cortex

this is gray matter; its the highest center of reasoning and intellect

white mater

what is the deepest part of the brain referred to as?

4-8 minutes

without oxygen, brain damage will occur within ___ minutes.

1. cerebrum, 2. cerebellum, 3. diencephalon, 4. brain stem

what are the 4 major parts of the brain?

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

what are the 3 meninges called?

Dura mater

outer brain covering; lines inside of the skull; tough, dense membrane of fibrous connective tissue--contains lots of blood vessels.

Arachnoid

middle layer; resembles a fine cobweb with fluid filled spaces

Pia mater

covers brain surface; consists of blood vessels held together by fine areolar connective tissue

cerebrospinal fluid

the space between arachnoid and pia mater is filled with ______ which acts as a shock absorber and as a source of nutrients for the brain.

Cerebrum

this is considered to be the largest part of the brain

2 pounds

about how much does the cerebrum weigh?

left and right

The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres: the __ and the ___. Each hemisphere is divided into a frontal , parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe.

brainy

left hemisphere is more

creative

right hemisphere is more

1. longitudinal 2. transverse 3. central 4. lateral 5. parieto-occipital

5 major fissures that divide the cerebral hemispheres are:

longitudinal

divides the cerebrum into 2 hemispheres: right and left

transverse

divides the cerebrum from the cerebellum

central

divides frontal from parietal lobes

lateral

divides frontal and temporal lobes

parieto-occipital

separates occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes

cerebral frontal functions

motor functions, voluntary muscles, and speech

cerebral parietal functions

sensory area; receives and interprets impulses from sensory receptors for pain, touch, heat &cold, helps in determining distances, sizes, and shapes---sensory organs

cerebral occipital functions

eye sight

cerebral temporal functions

hearing and smell

cerebral cortex

controls conscious thought, judgement, memory, reasoning, and will-power (gray mater)

between the cerebrum and the midbrain

Where is the diencephalon located?

thalamus and hypothalamus

what two things is the diencephalon made of?

Thalamus

a spherical mass of gray matter; acts as a relay station for incoming and outgoing nerve impulses; damage may result in increased sensitivity to pain or total loss of consciousness.

Hypothalamus

its part of the limbic system and is considered to be the brain of the brain.

Limbic system

part of the brain that is associated with emotional control

autonomic nervous control

regulates parasympathetic and sympathetic systems of the ANS.

cardiovascular control

controls your blood pressure

temperature control

helps maintain normal body temperature

appetite control

helps regulate how much food we eat

water balance

keeping water in the body balanced

manufacture of oxytocin

controls the uterus during labor

gastrointestinal control

increases intestinal peristalis and secretions from intestinal glands---digests food

emotional state

plays a role in the display of emotions

sleep control

helps to stay awake when necessary

behind the pons and below the cerebrum

where is the cerebellum located

maintenance of balance, maintenance of muscle tone, coordination of muscle movements

what are 3 cerebellar functions?

mid brain, pons, and medulla oblongata

what does the brain stem consist of?

mid brain

it contains nuclei for reflex centers involved with vision and hearing

pons

it serves as a 2-way conductive pathway for nerve impulses between the cerebrum and the cerebellum and other areas of the nervous system; it contains a center that controls respiration.

medulla oblongata

it contains nuclei for vital functions like heart rate, the rate and depth of respirations, a center that affects blood pressure, and the center for swallowing and vomiting.

spinal cord

what connects the brain to the rest of the body?

sympathetic

arouses the body

parasympathetic

calms after the arousal

somatic nervous system

subdivision of the PNS that controls voluntary activities such as the activation of skeletal muscles

PNS

nervous system subdivision that is composed of the cranial and spinal nerves and ganglia

autonomic nervous system

subdivision of the PNS that regulates the activity of the heart and smooth muscle, and of glands; it is also called the involuntary nervous system

CNS

a major subdivision of the nervous system that interprets incoming information and issues orders

PNS

a major subdivision of the nervous system that serves as communication lines, linking all parts of the body to the CNS.

neuroglia

ale to divide; therefore are responsible for most brain neoplasms

neurons

these are amitotic

axonal terminal

releases neurotransmitters